control.initial_response¶

control.initial_response(sys, T=None, X0=0, output=None, T_num=None, transpose=False, return_x=False, squeeze=None)[source]¶

Compute the initial condition response for a linear system.

If the system has multiple outputs (MIMO), optionally, one output may be selected. If no selection is made for the output, all outputs are given.

For information on the shape of parameters T, X0 and return values T, yout, see Time series data.

Parameters

sys (StateSpace or TransferFunction) – LTI system to simulate
T (array_like or float, optional) – Time vector, or simulation time duration if a number (time vector is autocomputed if not given; see step_response() for more detail)
X0 (array_like or float, optional) – Initial condition (default = 0). Numbers are converted to constant arrays with the correct shape.
output (int) – Index of the output that will be used in this simulation. Set to None to not trim outputs.
T_num (int, optional) – Number of time steps to use in simulation if T is not provided as an array (autocomputed if not given); ignored if sys is discrete-time.
transpose (bool, optional) – If True, transpose all input and output arrays (for backward compatibility with MATLAB and scipy.signal.lsim()). Default value is False.
return_x (bool, optional) – If True, return the state vector when assigning to a tuple (default = False). See forced_response() for more details.
squeeze (bool, optional) – By default, if a system is single-input, single-output (SISO) then the output response is returned as a 1D array (indexed by time). If squeeze=True, remove single-dimensional entries from the shape of the output even if the system is not SISO. If squeeze=False, keep the output as a 2D array (indexed by the output number and time) even if the system is SISO. The default value can be set using config.defaults[‘control.squeeze_time_response’].

Returns

results – Time response represented as a TimeResponseData object containing the following properties:

time (array): Time values of the output.
outputs (array): Response of the system. If the system is SISO and squeeze is not True, the array is 1D (indexed by time). If the system is not SISO or squeeze is False, the array is 2D (indexed by the output and time).
states (array): Time evolution of the state vector, represented as either a 2D array indexed by state and time (if SISO). Not affected by squeeze.

The return value of the system can also be accessed by assigning the function to a tuple of length 2 (time, output) or of length 3 (time, output, state) if return_x is True.

Return type

TimeResponseData