control.TimeResponseData

class control.TimeResponseData(time, outputs, states=None, inputs=None, issiso=None, output_labels=None, state_labels=None, input_labels=None, transpose=False, return_x=False, squeeze=None, multi_trace=False)[source]

Bases: object

A class for returning time responses.

This class maintains and manipulates the data corresponding to the temporal response of an input/output system. It is used as the return type for time domain simulations (step response, input/output response, etc).

A time response consists of a time vector, an output vector, and optionally an input vector and/or state vector. Inputs and outputs can be 1D (scalar input/output) or 2D (vector input/output).

A time response can be stored for multiple input signals (called traces), with the output and state indexed by the trace number. This allows for input/output response matrices, which is mainly useful for impulse and step responses for linear systems. For multi-trace responses, the same time vector must be used for all traces.

Time responses are accessed through either the raw data, stored as t, y, x, u, or using a set of properties time, outputs, states, inputs. When accessing time responses via their properties, squeeze processing is applied so that (by default) single-input, single-output systems will have the output and input indices supressed. This behavior is set using the squeeze keyword.

t

Time values of the input/output response(s). This attribute is normally accessed via the time property.

Type

1D array

y

Output response data, indexed either by output index and time (for single trace responses) or output, trace, and time (for multi-trace responses). These data are normally accessed via the outputs property, which performs squeeze processing.

Type

2D or 3D array

x

State space data, indexed either by output number and time (for single trace responses) or output, trace, and time (for multi-trace responses). If no state data are present, value is None. These data are normally accessed via the states property, which performs squeeze processing.

Type

2D or 3D array, or None

u

Input signal data, indexed either by input index and time (for single trace responses) or input, trace, and time (for multi-trace responses). If no input data are present, value is None. These data are normally accessed via the inputs property, which performs squeeze processing.

Type

2D or 3D array, or None

squeeze

By default, if a system is single-input, single-output (SISO) then the outputs (and inputs) are returned as a 1D array (indexed by time) and if a system is multi-input or multi-output, then the outputs are returned as a 2D array (indexed by output and time) or a 3D array (indexed by output, trace, and time). If squeeze=True, access to the output response will remove single-dimensional entries from the shape of the inputs and outputs even if the system is not SISO. If squeeze=False, the output is returned as a 2D or 3D array (indexed by the output [if multi-input], trace [if multi-trace] and time) even if the system is SISO. The default value can be set using config.defaults[‘control.squeeze_time_response’].

Type

bool, optional

transpose

If True, transpose all input and output arrays (for backward compatibility with MATLAB and scipy.signal.lsim()). Default value is False.

Type

bool, optional

issiso

Set to True if the system generating the data is single-input, single-output. If passed as None (default), the input data will be used to set the value.

Type

bool, optional

ninputs, noutputs, nstates

Number of inputs, outputs, and states of the underlying system.

Type

int

input_labels, output_labels, state_labels

Names for the input, output, and state variables.

Type

array of str

ntraces

Number of independent traces represented in the input/output response. If ntraces is 0 then the data represents a single trace with the trace index surpressed in the data.

Type

int

Notes

  1. For backward compatibility with earlier versions of python-control, this class has an __iter__ method that allows it to be assigned to a tuple with a variable number of elements. This allows the following patterns to work:

    t, y = step_response(sys) t, y, x = step_response(sys, return_x=True)

    When using this (legacy) interface, the state vector is not affected by the squeeze parameter.

  2. For backward compatibility with earlier version of python-control, this class has __getitem__ and __len__ methods that allow the return value to be indexed:

    response[0]: returns the time vector response[1]: returns the output vector response[2]: returns the state vector

    When using this (legacy) interface, the state vector is not affected by the squeeze parameter.

  3. The default settings for return_x, squeeze and transpose can be changed by calling the class instance and passing new values:

    response(tranpose=True).input

    See TimeResponseData.__call__() for more information.

Methods

to_pandas

__call__(**kwargs)[source]

Change value of processing keywords.

Calling the time response object will create a copy of the object and change the values of the keywords used to control the outputs, states, and inputs properties.

Parameters
  • squeeze (bool, optional) – If squeeze=True, access to the output response will remove single-dimensional entries from the shape of the inputs, outputs, and states even if the system is not SISO. If squeeze=False, keep the input as a 2D or 3D array (indexed by the input (if multi-input), trace (if single input) and time) and the output and states as a 3D array (indexed by the output/state, trace, and time) even if the system is SISO.

  • transpose (bool, optional) – If True, transpose all input and output arrays (for backward compatibility with MATLAB and scipy.signal.lsim()). Default value is False.

  • return_x (bool, optional) – If True, return the state vector when enumerating result by assigning to a tuple (default = False).

  • input_labels (array of str) – Labels for the inputs, outputs, and states, given as a list of strings matching the appropriate signal dimension.

  • output_labels (array of str) – Labels for the inputs, outputs, and states, given as a list of strings matching the appropriate signal dimension.

  • state_labels (array of str) – Labels for the inputs, outputs, and states, given as a list of strings matching the appropriate signal dimension.

property inputs

Time response input vector.

Input(s) to the system, indexed by input (optiona), trace (optional), and time. If a 1D vector is passed, the input corresponds to a scalar-valued input. If a 2D vector is passed, then it can either represent multiple single-input traces or a single multi-input trace. The optional multi_trace keyword should be used to disambiguate the two. If a 3D vector is passed, then it represents a multi-trace, multi-input signal, indexed by input, trace, and time.

See TimeResponseData.squeeze for a description of how the dimensions of the input vector can be modified using the squeeze keyword.

Type

1D or 2D array

property outputs

Time response output vector.

Output response of the system, indexed by either the output and time (if only a single input is given) or the output, trace, and time (for multiple traces). See TimeResponseData.squeeze for a description of how this can be modified using the squeeze keyword.

Type

1D, 2D, or 3D array

property states

Time response state vector.

Time evolution of the state vector, indexed indexed by either the state and time (if only a single trace is given) or the state, trace, and time (for multiple traces). See TimeResponseData.squeeze for a description of how this can be modified using the squeeze keyword.

Type

2D or 3D array

property time

Time vector.

Time values of the input/output response(s).

Type

1D array