control.negate

control.negate(sys, **kwargs)[source]

Return the negative of a system.

Parameters:

sysscalar, array, or InputOutputSystem: I/O systems to negate.

Returns:

outInputOutputSystem: Negated system.

Other Parameters:

inputs, outputsstr, or list of str, optional: List of strings that name the individual signals. If not given, signal names will be of the form ‘s[i]’ (where ‘s’ is one of ‘u’, or ‘y’). See InputOutputSystem for more information.
statesstr, or list of str, optional: List of names for system states. If not given, state names will be of of the form ‘x[i]’ for interconnections of linear systems or ‘<subsys_name>.<state_name>’ for interconnected nonlinear systems.
namestring, optional: System name (used for specifying signals). If unspecified, a generic name ‘sys[id]’ is generated with a unique integer id.

See also

append, feedback, interconnect, parallel, series

Notes

This function is a wrapper for the __neg__ function in the StateSpace and TransferFunction classes. The output type is the same as the input type.

Examples

>>> G = ct.tf([2], [1, 1])
>>> G.dcgain()
np.float64(2.0)

>>> Gn = ct.negate(G) # Same as sys2 = -sys1.
>>> Gn.dcgain()
np.float64(-2.0)